Model Information Sheet

AJAX is abbreviated for Asynchronous  JavaScript And XML. AJAX is the idea that data can be loaded without refreshing the entire page. AJAX is commonly confused as being a type of programming language but it is actually an implementation of JavaScript. The term "AJAX" is just associated with special JavaScript methods (functions) that allow for things to be loaded without refreshing the entire page. Here is a good Wikipedia article that explains more about the history, usage, advantages, and disadvantages of using AJAX. Ajax (programming) AJAX has become an important part of the modern day web. It makes communication with the server much more convenient. AJAX is an essential part of the modern web.Other related technologies: Something else to mention is that the

It doesn't sound like you understand how PHP handles forms. The usual scenario is you present the user with an HTML page that contains the form. The action attribute of the opening form tag indicates the webpage that will process the submitted form (and confirm to the user that it has done so). The form-processing page will contain PHP code to do what you need to do with the contents of the form. For example, it will usually store the information in a server-side database, like MySQL. It might also send an email to someone.If you want to provide the user with a downloadable, editable form, you could do that by having PHP create a PDF with the submitted data I can't imagine why you'd want to do that, but it's possible.

1. Gestalt PsychologyGestalt psychology or gestaltism (German: Gestalt – “essence or shape of an entity’s complete form”) of the Berlin School is a theory of mind and brain positing that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. The Gestalt effect is the form-generating capability of our senses, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves. In psychology, gestaltism is often opposed to structuralism and Wundt. The phrase “The whole is greater than the sum of the parts” is often used when explaining Gestalt theory.The Gestalt Six RulesAs said, the Gestalt Principles are a way to organize visual perception. Gestaltists have found how different elements in a field re-organize themselves in a solidarity system by following certain rules.Here following the list of the six rules they have found:ProximityThe distance plays a key-role in determining the elements perception. Things that are close among them are perceived to be more related than things that are scattered apart. The concept underlying the concept of proximity is the group.SimilarityThere is a natural tendency in put in relation similar elements more than dissimilar ones. They can be, for example, similar for shape, color or dimension.Perceiving similarities not only helps us to assume what elements are related to one another, it also implies a structure based on an emerging pattern. Those kinds of objects which share some characteristics create cohesion in the design because our brains automatically search for patterns. Humans like symmetry but obviously also like breaking rules so also its contrary is inspiring.ClosureLooking at a complex arrangement of individual elements, humans tend to first look for a single shape obtained from recognizable outlines. Closed shapes can be obtained by real lines, color or contrast or even lack of them. Closure Law occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed and the brain activates some mechanisms to complete the figure by filling in the missing information.The figure below is called the Necker Cube. What you can see? Can you see a white outlined cube? As a matter of fact the cube is no there, we only have eight black circles with some area missing. The cube is implicit because our mind put in relation these white lines filling in and completing the cube shape.Common FateElements moving in the same direction are perceived as a group more than those which are a steady group because they show more coherence.A collection of distinct objects in a layoutthat seem to move all together toward a common goal, definition, conclusion or direction are generally perceived to be each other related.In the example the dots look like they are moving in the top right direction and they looks more coherent than those simply aligned in equal rows.Law of Prägnanz alias Figure Ground RelationshipHuman brain tends to interpret ambiguous or complex images as simple and complete. In an image the composing elements are perceived as either figures or ground. Background and foreground can be exchanged and in both case they assume a precise meaning.The most famous example of figure/ground image is that of the vase of Rubin.The surrounded object is seen as figure. Shapes are overriding and you can perceive a black vase on a white background or, vice versa, two profiles on a black background.This visual illusion is produced by the tendency of ambiguous perceptual between two or more alternative interpretations. In order to clear the image it needs to balance the figure/ground area.Good ContinuationAll elements are perceived as part of a coherent object so, for example if they are arranged in a line they are considered more related than detached elements. In the image the “line” created from the circles on the left “continues”, vice versa the other is interrupted.Gestalt Principles and Visual IdentitiesHere examples of how these rules and principles have affected more than one corporate identity construction.ProximityAs we said, element which are close are perceived as a shape.We can see, as example here below, the logo Mistery Island created by Gert van Duinen. In an easy and brilliant way the designer use the proximity law to create a shape of an island and its reflection on the sea. This is the perfect combination of the brand name and the customer activity, dance music producer. The lines creating the island are clearly recognizable as equalizer lines.Again in the Foodmobile logo (Designer: ru_ferret) we found a group of single objects, representing foods (bread, fish, vegetables are clearly recognizable) which grouped for proximity create a car shape.SimilarityIn the Capture logo, created by Quadrika, the Similarity Law is clearly applied. The Gestalt Principle of Similarity works well when designing logos because it is based on repetition of shape, size, color, texture, value or orientation.The logo is featured by colors and shape similarity. The visual part of the Capture logo shares with the textual part a kind of viewfinder which is the same of the C and E letters.Prägnanz (Figure-Ground)By following the Figure-Ground Law in the Feathers & Fur logo, designed for a pet store fromLumo, the observer can recognize a parrot and a dog’s face into the mark.SymmetryThe Hatimeria logo, from Midgar is a clear example of symmetry law. The software house here represented wants stress the great attention they put in building long-lasting partnerships with customers. The logo symbols are two hands joined together.The two hands are symmetrical designed to form stairs leading upwards.Symmetry creates a redundancy and predictability of visual information.Another good example can be Antarctic Voice from Austronaut Design where the two symmetric pikes represent both an iceberg and a vice equalizer.Humans like symmetry but obviously also like breaking rules so also its contrary is inspiring and is called anomaly.“Common Fate”In the Melbourne 2010 Cycling Championship logo the spots are affected by a common fate. The lines created by the colors move in the same direction creating a dynamism which let the observer perceive a common fate of movement.ClosureThe closure rule is of very common use in logo creation to create memorable design.An extremely famous logo based on closure is the WWF Panda.The logo IBM too, composed by eight solid lines, separated by empty space,is based on closure law. The three letters are not really there. Our brain perceives it by closing the letters shape.Applying the Gestalt Principle to the Web Design WorkflowBelow are a few web examples and their respective layout silhouettes. The silhouette view is what the brain identifies as the page shape. Trying to change anything other than the main shape will result, more or less, in the same design... and going back to your client with the same design after they've requested changes will make the client feel that nothing has been done....the design will look the same until you've changes the structural gestalt.You’ll be surprised at how many designers make this mistake and wonder why the client still hates a design or feel nothing has been changed or added, even though they've worked tirelessly on improving the individual elements.Alright, let's peek at a few designs and their silhouettes:Usually, sticking to the safe and generally square-like design (as in the 4 bottom layouts from the examples above) will result in an ordinary design, nothing very creative. Try to always experiment with the “containing shell” of your design. Try rotating the box a few degrees or cutting out and changing one of the corners... all of this adds to your design’s uniqueness and creativity.You should always start with the container, or the overall structural shell of a design; Forget the details and individual components for now.When that is done and you and the client are satisfied with the structure, grab your wireframes and start working on the details. You will be surprised at how many times a design ends up as a neatly colored wireframe when you start from the inside out. I’ve seen several designers working on the header and navigation first, then start laying out the components, and before you know it you have a neatly packed and nicely colored page full of content which may be from a usability perspective well placed and correct, however from a design perspective it would never be creative or stand out.Think of your design as a chocolate covered peanut, if you start with the peanut, from the inside out, the outer layer which everyone sees (the chocolate layer) will always depend on the peanut shape and you will have little control on the result.However if you treat your design like a chocolate egg, working on the outer layer first, and shape it as you desire – fitting your inner content to match the shell, then it really doesn’t matter what you fill it with, the design will always be the egg-shape that you intended.Sources: The Gestalt Principle: Design Theory for Web Designers - Tuts+ Web Design ArticleThe Close Relationship Between Gestalt Principles and DesignOther resources:Gestalt Principles: How Are Your Designs Perceived?The designer’s guide to Gestalt Theory2. Principle of ReciprocityThe reciprocity principle is one of the basic laws of social psychology: It says that in many social situations we pay back what we received from others.A simple evolutionist explanation of reciprocity is that in a group of protohumans it paid off to behave nicely and cooperate: those who obeyed this principle were probably less likely to get enemies and thus more likely to survive and pass on their genes. (This explanation is however not universally agreed upon by scientists, as it assumes that people behave consistently over time, that is, it assumes that one act of cooperation predicts further acts of cooperation.)Reciprocity works in a variety of situations; businesses use it in advertising, marketing, and propaganda. For instance, it’s been shown that a free sample encourages people to buy the corresponding product because they feel that they have to return the favor of being given something for free.Reciprocity is a principle that you can also use to your advantage (but also to your users’ advantage) in user-interface design (see our class on credibility and persuasion in web design). The bottom line is simple: give your users something before you ask for anything from them.Giving Information Away for FreeFree content is the digital counterpart of the free samples from the physical world and is an ingrained use of the reciprocity principle on the web. That’s why newsletters, social media content, and articles such as this one are popular with many companies — as proven by our own studies, users appreciate these kinds of sources when they are informative and relevant.  Later on, these same users are more likely to reciprocate by doing business with the company.Many websites that offer white papers or other information will ask users to fill in a form before they can get access to the content of interest. The thinking there is that users will first work for the paper (fill in the form) and then they will get rewarded with the content. comScore (below) takes exactly this approach when it asks people to enter their information before downloading a free report.comScore asks users to enter their information before accessing a free report.This may seem like a simple case of quid pro quo. But the problem is that the two steps don’t happen simultaneously. Users are asked for the “quid” right now, in the hope that they will later find some value from the “quo.” This annoys users and makes them likely to abandon the site.The Nielsen Company takes a slightly different approach.  When people click on View Full Report, instead of showing a form that asks users to fill in contact information, the site takes them to a brief article about the report. Users can read the article and then they can decide if they want to fill in the information to get the entire report. (Note that we are not affiliated with The Nielsen Company.)The Nielsen Company lets users read an article about a free report. If they want to download the whole document, they need to fill in a contact-information form.This second approach is better. First, it is respectful of users’ time and effort — it allows them to make a more informed decision of whether they want to take the time to fill in the form and load the report. Second, it also takes advantage of the law of reciprocity.  Users will appreciate being able to read the summary and will be more likely to fill in the information because they were given something interesting in advance. But even those users who may have decided that the report is not for them will appreciate the honest approach, will form a positive impression of The Nielsen Company, and  probably pay back in kind when asked (for instance, by returning to the site for more information). And they may also be more willing to fill in the form in an honest and meaningful way by providing extra information about their request or giving email addresses and contact information that they actually use.(Our studies of B2B website use show that users frequently enter made-up information when they encounter overly aggressive lead-generation forms before the website has established its credibility. Unless you want your sales force to make a lot of calls to Mickey Mouse, it’s a bad idea to ask for user information too soon.)In a study published in 2007, Luciano Gamberini and his colleagues at University of Padova investigated exactly this issue:  how likely web users are to fill in contact information to access free content.  Gamberini had two conditions in his experiment that mimic the Comcast and Nielsen examples above: in one condition users were asked to first fill in the form and then, as a reward, they got access to a set of guidelines. In the second condition, users got access to the guidelines first, and then they were asked to fill in the form.  Users gave out more information in the contact form in the reciprocity condition than in the reward condition. They were, however, more likely to submit the form in the reward condition.So what does that mean? If you decide to force your users to fill in the form before they get the content, you may get more submissions. But if you want to establish meaningful, long-term   relationships with your customers, then you’re better off showing at least part of the information upfront, with no request upon users.Permissions and Tutorials on MobileMobile apps and sites would also benefit from using the reciprocity principle. Too often they require users to cross login walls, read complicated instructions, accept the use of the current location, or give permission to receive notifications before these same users have received even the slightest glimpse of the app’s offerings. Starting the initial experience with requests of any kind puts the load onto the user, creates suspicion, and makes the user reluctant to cooperate. It’s much better if, instead, the app focuses on making it easy for the users to get started right away.  Once users find value in the app, the will be more likely to trust it and reciprocate by accepting requests of any kind.For instance, often after downloading an app, iOS users will get an alert box prompting them to accept push notifications.  Wrong! At this point, the user has no idea whether they like the app, whether they will be using it, or whether the type of content that they will be notified about will be relevant in any way. Asking them to accept push notifications is too much — the users’ first reaction will often be “No” at this stage. The user needs to first establish a relationship with the app, see what it is about, and then she can decide that she can trust it with push notifications.Evernote asks permission for sending push notifications before the user has gotten a chance to use the app.Once users have explored the app, you can ask them if they want to be notified of specific events.  (But be as explicit as you can and tell people what they will be notified about; otherwise, you risk annoying and alienating the users with notifications that they don’t need.)Many apps also request permission to use the current location before actually needing it. For instance, there is no reason for Expedia to ask for the current location on their home page, before the user has initiated a search. It’s possible that users need to search in a different location than their own, and asking for this information when it’s unnecessary will diminish their trust in the app. (Particularly in these days of constant privacy scandals, users worry that any snooping question is for nefarious purposes.)Expedia asks for permission to use the current location before the user has initiated a search.Epicurious rightly asks for permissions to use the microphone only when the user taps the Voice Control button. In that context, it is logical for the user to say yes, since it’s clear why the app needs that permission. Should the app have asked for it on the first screen, before the user had gotten a chance to form a mental model of how this app works, it would have looked unnecessary and the app’s request would have been likely rejected.Epicurious only asks for permission to use the microphone when it needs it to enable voice control (that is, immediately after the user has tapped the Voice Control  button).Another practice popular with apps is showing a tutorial when they are first launched. We can count on the fingers of one hand the number of users who have actually sat through these initial tutorials after they have just downloaded the app. Even when the tutorial seemed fun (like the comic-reader tutorial  which was designed to look like a comic book), users did not have the patience to sit through it. (And if they had sat through it, they would not have remembered all the information that was poured over them.) It’s much better to use a quick tip page if you must instruct your users. But even better: don’t make your users feel like they have to study in order to use your app.  Create an interface that is simple and usable and that doesn’t need any instruction.  It’s again a simple instantiation of the reciprocity principle: in the user–app relationship, the app should put in most effort, especially in the beginning.Clear, a todo list app, starts with a 7-page tutorial. That’s bad because it requires users to work upfront: they have to patiently read all the information and try to commit it to their memory.ConclusionThe reciprocity principle says that people respond in kind to nice behavior. If you want your users to trust you with their information and come back to you repeatedly, plant the reciprocity seed by being nice to them upfront and minimizing their interaction cost. Ask as little of your users as possible.  On the web and elsewhere, start by giving before taking, and people will reciprocate.Source: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/...

I think it takes 2-3 months to verify your application and further other process then will get registered as voter in electoral roll. Then the voter Id will dispatch to you through BLO of your part of constituency.If you fill the form 6 on nvsp.in then you can check or track the status of your application.You will not supposed to get the digital copy of your voter Id online.I hope this will help you…..

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