the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Mass Gov Mass 2010

This is a neat question... you'd think with all that mass in such a small space the Universe would form a black hole...Let's see if we can get a quantitative grip on this question. First off recall that the Schwarzschild radius of a BH is:[math]R_s=\frac{2GM}{c^2}[/math]And the mass of a ball can be written in terms of the average density as:[math]M=\frac{4}{3}\pi R_s^3\rho .[/math]Plugging the mass equation into the radius equation, and solving for the density, we get:[math]\rho = \frac{3c^2}{8\pi G} \frac{1}{R_s^2}[/math]This is already interesting because it tells us that as BHs get bigger, their average density decreases. Next let's recall the Friedmann equation for the Hubble parameter (the rate at which space is stretching):[math]H^2 = \frac{8\pi G}{3}\rho[/math]Now things are getting interesting... plugging in the density of a BH we find:[math]R_s = \frac{c}{H} [/math]We need one final ingredient: how big is the Universe during this early time? The Hubble parameter tells us the rate of expansion, and at the observable edge of the Universe (the Hubble Bubble) the expansion would be luminal, so we can write the speed of light in terms of the radius of the Universe:[math]R_s = \frac{H R_U}{H}=R_U[/math]Wow! The radius of the Universe is the Schwarzschild radius of the Universe!You were absolutely correct. The Universe does form a black hole at the "Big Bang". Or perhaps a better way to say it isThe Universe IS a black hole, and we're all inside of it.Cool, huh?Disclaimer:This is just a cute coincidence , don't take it seriously. Note, however, the use of mathematics in making the argument. If you're going to be arguing anything relevant in cosmology and physics, then make sure you know the math behind it. Real physicists will be able to point out why this argument fails. The key point here is this: learn math because it, and not English, is the language in which we discuss things in physics.

Gravity in Newton physics is due to the presence of mass,just like the charge is the cause of electrical field ,and then electric force,so ,the presence of mass causes a gravitational field,which has a force,it affects any other mass within its domain,its moderator is a postulated boson, encoded as graviton,not detected yet.This is a classical concept to gravity , it is a limit ,or an approximation ,to the gravity defined by the general relativity(as spacetime curvature),when the energy-momentum tensor in Einstein equation approches the mass density.

Jupiter has a volume of 1.43 × 10[math]^{24}[/math] m³. Earth has a volume of 1.08 × 10[math]^{21}[/math] m³.[math]\dfrac{1.43 × 10^{24} m³}{1.08 × 10^{21} m³} = 1 \,322 \text{ Earths} \tag*{}[/math]But this is assuming Jupiter is completely filled with Earth volumes. If we stack complete Earths, the most optimal configuration is with sphere packing, which will fill 74% of the volume. So that’s 978 Earths.In terms of mass, Earth fits into Jupiter almost 318 times.And just for fun, let’s see how many of all the planets in the Solar System fit into Jupiter:Saturn — 1.73, or 1 whole SaturnUranus — 20.94, or 15 with sphere packingNeptune — 22.89, or 16 with sphere packingEarth — 1,322, or 978 with sphere packingVenus — 1,542, or 1,141 with sphere packingMars — 8,775, or 6,493 with sphere packingMercury — 23,530, or 17,412 with sphere packing

Yes, indeed. Per MC Physics, the mass of the earliest universe contained and/or will contain all the mass of the current black holes and all galaxies. That mass is, in reality per MC Physics, the summation of the total electric/ electrostatic charge strength in that enormous body.Those charges were held together by gravity forces, ie a net difference between electric charge attraction and repel forces. The earliest quantization of electrostatic charge (Big Bang?) formed mono-charges with a type and a given charge strength. That Big Bang must have also released or reduced attraction charge force (see upcoming website essay “Near-distance charge force inversion”) causing immediate high kinetic energy of all charges and causing dispersion of those charges throughout the existing space.Of course, after that initial event, those charges then repelled like type charges or attracted opposite type charges to join together, but only the strongest opposite charge strengths (forming black holes?) could stably form in that early high kinetic environment. As the Universe cooled with space expansion and charge joinings, the first elemental particles could be stably formed, ie the various quarks. With more cooling electrons, then neutrinos, and, lastly, photons could stably form. Somewhere in between that time the composite proton particles and nuclei were formed. With more cooling the atoms, then molecules were formed.After the quantization and attraction reduction Big Bang event, the dispersion of strong charges and the rapid acceleration of lighter charges and matter (photons, neutrinos, electrons, hydrogen and helium nuclei) propelled many of those charge components and particles out of immediate electric charge and later gravitational force capture.More on matter formation on the website and in: “MC Physics- Model of a Real Photon with Structure and Mass”, a viXra High Energy Particle Physics category paper, http://vixra.org/pdf/1609.0359v1...

Very roughly: you assume a spherical cloud of gas collapsing under own gravity. Forces acting on a small volume of gas inside such a cloud are: gravity of the rest of the gas and pressure gradient This allows you to calculate what will be the pressure inside once the gas signNowes hydrodynamical equilibrium, i.e. the forces acting on a small volume of gas balance each other out everywhere inside the object. Now, energy conservation allows you to calculate what the temperature inside such a candidate star would be (the collapsed gas has lower gravitational potential energy than the original cloud, the difference is heat). All you need is to check if the obtained values for temperature and pressure are enough to ignite a thermonuclear reaction. Real models of collapsing gas clouds are of course more complicated: you take into account the rotation of the cloud, its chemical composition, the fact that it radiates some energy out during the collapse... But the principle stays the same.

You want to know wAB =  (wA + wB) so you can just weigh out some mixture into a volume. So the problem can be expressed wAB = f (vAB), in other words what is the weight of AB to fill a known volume for AB, where f is some function.You can think algebraically if your head gets muddled by modelling the problem. Think what you want as output and consider what you are given as input. Then it becomes a problem of functional thinking, input, process, output. What do we have as inputs? Five facts:vAB = vA + vB          (a bit of an assumption there, but no mind, you an check it.)wA = .38 * (mA + mB)wB = .62 * (mA + mB)dA = mA / vA = 2dB = mB / vB = 3Now looking at that function f, can we tease it apart? There is a density hiding there!mAB / vAB = dABExpanding(mA + mB) = dAB * (vAB)So really we just have to compute dAB, the density of the mixture. So let's go!dAB = (mA + mB) / (vA + vB)What to eliminate? Well it actually doesn't matter! We can substitute for just about anything, and the result is bound to cancel out so that there are no weights or volumes in the result, because we already know it should be a density. You can convert it all to mA's, or all to mB's , or all to vA's or all to vB's. There is no right or wrong way, all roads lead to Rome. Simple logic rules! So here is one random way, just for fun I can attack the bottom line.dAB = (mA + mB) / (mA/2 + mB/3)What next? Doesn't matter, lets just get rid of the mA's for fun.Using mA/mB = 0.38 / 0.62 = 0.6129dAB = (0.6129 mB + mB) / (0.6129 mB)/2  + mB/3)All those mB's will cancel out. But like I said, we could have used any of the variables.dAB = 1.6129/ (0.30645 + 0.3333) = 1.613 / 0.63975 = 2.52so there you gowAB = 2.52 * vABBut it does seem a lot of work to calculate something that we could just measure..Weigh a measuring cylinder and fill it to a known volume, weigh again and subtract  the weight of the cylinder. Not only is it faster it is more accurate than a calculation of density because we had to assume the component volumes were additive. They might not be, and that non-additivity itself might depend on the ratio.  You could check that by graphing it for highly accurate formulating. Now you will be in a position of being able to solve the classic formulation problem of adjusting desnities, or mixing densities to meet a final volume. At this point I would just make a spreadsheet model in Excel.

While I have never been in prison, I have a background working in addictions and with parolees.First things first - Prison as a new form of slavery. Actually, the 14th Amendment constitutionally banning slavery SPECIFICALLY excludes prisoners when it bans ‘hard labor’ and ‘involuntary servitude’. it’s not a new form of slavery - constitutionally its always been there. To this day, there are states which require inmates to work, but don’t pay them. Other states who give inmates something like 60 cents/day for 8 hours of hard work. This is totally legal and consititional.When you ask specifically about African Americans - you may find books like ‘The Rich Get Richer: The Poor Get Prison’ or ‘The New Jim Crow’ contain enlightening information.As to transitioning back into society. The US has one of the highest recidivism rates for numerous reasons. However, this varies by state. Oregon has a fairly low recidivism rate (40% re-arrest rate) - while some states it’s as high as 90%. It all depends on the transitional and re-integration programs available in the state.For an individual, the transition back into society is all dependent on the support they have when they are released.

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Just register on the admission portal and during registration you will get an option for the entrance based course. Just register there. There is no separate form for DU CIC.

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